The statements on Tuesday by the governor of the Reserve Bank, Michele Bullock, sent markets into a tizz, but even while she suggested rate cuts are now off the table, there’s no reason to think Australia’s economy needs to cool.

Usually when the Reserve Bank leaves rates on hold, little happens. But on Tuesday when the RBA monetary policy board announced the cash rates staying at 3.6%, the markets all got a bit spooked.

First off, the statement released was a rather big change from the usual. Normally investors, speculators and lowly economists pick through each sentence looking for subtle word changes and trying to work out what the RBA means. For example, last year the December changed the wording of one subheading from “The outlook remains highly uncertain” to “The outlook remains uncertain”.

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This time round however there were wholesale changes to the statement. Gone were the subheadings in the November statement and the December statement was around a third shorter.

There were still some of the old tea leaves readings though.

In November that RBA noted “The Board’s judgment is that some of the increase in underlying inflation in the September quarter was due to temporary factors”.

This month’s statement had the same sentence but followed up with a new one stating: “Nevertheless, the data do suggest some signs of a more broadly based pickup in inflation, part of which may be persistent and will bear close monitoring.”

That seemed like the RBA was a bit more worried about inflation and “hawkish” to use the economic jargon.

But the real impact on markets came when Bullock gave her press conference later in the day and told the reporters: “It does look like additional cuts are not needed”.

She followed up even more stridently saying, “I don’t think there are interest rate cuts on the horizon for the foreseeable future. The question is, is it just an extended hold from here or is it the possibility of a rate rise? I couldn’t put a probability on those, but I think they’re the two things that the board will be looking closely at coming into the new year.”

Boom.

And with that the market started pricing in a rate hike by May.

To let you know how madly sentiment has swung, less than two months ago the market was not only predicting that the cash rate would already be at 3.35% but that by May next year a further cut to 3.1% was almost certain.

Now the market is betting that by May there will be a rate rise to 3.85% and by the end of next year we’ll be looking at 4.1%:

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This of course does not mean the market is more right now than it was in October – just that those whose job it is to make money speculating on what the RBA might do have decided that when the governor of the RBA tells you there won’t be any more rate cuts, to believe her.

It is worth remembering that this time last year the market predicted pretty well all the rate cuts that came in 2025, but it also thought the cuts would continue:

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For the moment I am less ready to follow the market up the interest rate mountain climb.

Importantly there’s no sense of wage growth taking off. In fact, it is slowing in the private sector:

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The number of unemployed for each job vacancy remains at historic low levels, but has been rising slowly, yet steadily, for three years now:

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But the worry is that even if unemployment rises and it becomes harder to get work, the RBA will just use that as a reason to keep rates on hold, whereas if inflation rises or stays around where it is now, it will use that as a reason to increase rates.

As ever the “dual mandate” on the RBA of stable prices and full employment is more heavily biased to stable prices.

The RBA in its statement and in Bullock’s comments seems very excited that the private sector is recovering and is now contributing more to economic growth than the public sector. But, as I noted last week, the big cause of the increase in household spending was on essentials like insurance, healthcare and energy rather than an exuberance for shopping.

Similarly, the contribution of private sector investment to economic growth remains pretty mild and driven mostly by an abnormal investment in new datacentres, which is unlikely to produce many jobs:

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We now wait for Thursday’s unemployment figures, and the economic data that comes out in January before the RBA gets back from its summer holiday on 3 February.

That coincides with the first parliament sitting day of the year.

If the RBA does decide to increase rates, it will no doubt colour the rest of the political year and mean those speculating more than one rate rise next year, will probably be right, regardless of whether the economy needs them.

• Greg Jericho is a Guardian columnist and policy director at the Centre for Future Work